MWE Correspondent
Madagascar is facing a new political chapter after widespread youth-led protests over water and electricity shortages escalated into a military takeover, forcing President Andry Rajoelina to flee the country.
The demonstrations, organized primarily by Gen Z activists, reflect deep-seated frustrations among the island nation’s younger generation over public services and governance.
Protest leader Olivia Rafetison described the dramatic turn of events earlier this month, when Colonel Michael Randrianirina of the elite army unit joined demonstrators, initially offering protection. “He said: ‘We’re for the people, we’ll help you, we are by your side,’” Rafetison recalled. “Malagasy were coming together for the same cause.” At the time, the presence of armed forces gave the youth a sense of security after weeks of state repression.
However, within days, the military’s role shifted from protection to governance. Randrianirina announced that the army was now in charge, a move that left Rafetison and many protesters conflicted. “It went from ‘protecting the people’ to taking power,” she said. “I’m not saying I’m against it … But I am a little conflicted.” Military intervention
Randrianirina was sworn in as interim president just three days after assuming control. He has pledged that the military will govern alongside a civilian administration for up to two years before organizing elections. Observers warn that this transition period will be crucial for determining whether the country’s youth demands for reform will be meaningfully addressed or sidelined.
Despite initial optimism, some Gen Z activists feel their voices are at risk of being muted. Rafetison noted that during a meeting with the new leadership on the night of the takeover, promising dialogue was cut short. “He said, ‘We’re listening to you,’” she recalled, “but the soldiers were all tired and ended the conversation, suggesting we talk more at a later date.” The exchange highlighted the tension between the movement’s aspirations and the realities of military rule.
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The protests began as a response to basic infrastructure failures but evolved into calls for systemic change, illustrating the determination of Madagascar’s youth to challenge the status quo. Many observers see Gen Z’s mobilization as a sign that political activism and civic engagement among young people are becoming increasingly influential in shaping the nation’s future.
As the transitional government consolidates power, both domestic and international actors are closely monitoring developments. The African Union and the United Nations have already expressed concern over the military’s swift rise to authority, while local communities watch to see whether the new administration will address their immediate needs or simply maintain control.
The coming months will test whether Madagascar’s youth can transform their protests into lasting political change, ensuring that their fight for reliable services and accountable leadership goes beyond a temporary power shift. For now, the nation stands at a crossroads, where the promise of reform meets the uncertainty of military governance.
