Long before the first electric vehicle rolled onto a highway or the phrase “green transition” entered global political speeches, Africa possessed one of the world’s greatest strategic advantages. Beneath its soil lay the minerals that would one day become indispensable to the

When African leaders gather to discuss the continent’s future, the conversation often begins with infrastructure, industrialisation and economic growth. Yet beneath every ambitious development plan lies a more fundamental question—who will provide the capital to build Africa’s future, and under what conditions?

As cargo vessels leave the ports of Mombasa, Durban, Lagos and Alexandria every day, they carry far more than containers filled with manufactured goods, agricultural products and minerals. They also carry the ambitions of a continent seeking a stronger place in the

For decades, the international system largely revolved around a small group of economic and political powers that shaped global finance, trade, diplomacy and development. Many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America participated in that system, but often with limited influence over

Rwandan President Paul Kagame has launched a forceful challenge to Western governments over their approach to human rights and governance, questioning whether Europe has the moral authority to position itself as the world’s primary judge of political values. Speaking during an interview