editor
China and Russia are now firmly at the forefront of global nuclear energy expansion, with all new nuclear reactor projects launched worldwide in the past five years based on their technology.
This marks a significant moment in the global shift toward new energy sources, with the two countries rapidly increasing their influence over the future of nuclear power.
According to data compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA), from 2020 to 2024, a total of 38 nuclear reactors began construction globally — and every single one relied on Chinese or Russian reactor designs. Out of those, 23 were based on Chinese technology, while the remaining 15 used Russian systems.
The growth in nuclear development has been especially sharp in 2024. This year alone, construction of new reactors surged by 50% compared to 2023. Nine new plants broke ground and are expected to collectively add around 11,000 megawatts of power once completed — enough to supply millions of homes and businesses with electricity.
China has led this resurgence with six new projects launched this year. Notably, it also extended its technological reach beyond its borders. Pakistan recently inaugurated the first third-generation Chinese-designed nuclear plant outside of China, bringing the total number of projects using Chinese models this year to seven.
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Russia, through its state-backed nuclear agency, has also maintained a strong international footprint. Its designs are currently being used in projects in several countries, including Egypt, Bangladesh, Türkiye, and Iran. This wide reach highlights how both China and Russia are using energy cooperation as a strategic tool for deeper global influence.
While both nations have been pushing ahead, many advanced economies have struggled to keep pace due to rising costs, delays, and changing regulatory landscapes. As a result, much of the world’s newest nuclear infrastructure is now being driven by emerging powers.
Looking ahead, the IEA expects global nuclear power production to hit record highs by 2025 — a sign that, despite the challenges, nuclear remains central to long-term climate goals. With China and Russia setting the pace, the global map of nuclear energy leadership is being rapidly redrawn.
